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A Farewell to Arms was Hemingway’s second novel published by Charles Scribner’s Sons in September 1929. It was in many ways the key novel of Ernest Hemingway’s career, a career affected deeply by his experiences in World War I. It was also a novel which dealt directly with the futile butchery of mass, technological warfare — the “circus of death” which produced ten million corpses and seemed, to young writers like Hemingway, final proof of the bankruptcy of western civilization. There are two great themes in this novel-love and war. It seems that Hemingway like a tragic poet in the creative process of this novel and this book is his Romeo and Juliet. To some extent, the description of the cruel and inhuman aspect of the war in this novel reflects the author’s hatred and loathing to the war as well as exposes the severely physical and psychological damage the war brings to human beings. To Hemingway the war is neither loyalty nor courage but meaningless and is just a nightmare. Young men like Hemingway and Henry who joined the war not only suffer from the physical damage badly but also undertake the collapse of their traditional moral values. Because of the war, wounds and hopelessness replaced their dreams and glory; disillusion and pessimism is full of their life.;
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The world in which Hemingway grew up and about which he wrote in
A Farewell to Arms was a world of fear, alienation, despair, and madness. War, fear, death, alienation, despairs, madness, and disillusionment had all become the themes of the novel. Whenever we talk about what kind of writer Hemingway is, one stereotyped idea will come to us: Hemingway was a writer of realistic fiction. One of his goals was to present stories based on life “the way it was” and not to romanticize or gloss over the rougher aspects of life. While unfortunately that is not always the case. The symbolism in
A Farewell to Arms is not accidental, but organic, deliberate and intentional and pervades the whole novel.